解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::The traditional view of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) as a monophasic inflammatory disorder that affects both the optic nerves and the spinal cord is expanding. Over the last decade, a combination of clinical, radiological, pathological, and serological findings have resulted in evolving definitions of NMO and the apprec...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2007-1019131
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pregnancy can precipitate new neurological diseases as a result of the alterations in physiology that accompany the pregnant state. The pregnant patient presenting with neurological problems poses both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, often forcing the clinician to rely on neuroimaging as part of the workup. Thi...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2007-991123
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The management of epilepsy in women encompasses a complex interplay between seizures, sex steroid hormones, and antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). These interactions impact every aspect of the sexual and reproductive health of women with epilepsy throughout their lifetimes. Neurologists comfortable treating seizures may feel...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2007-985335
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the last decade, we have witnessed significant advances in the study of inherited dystonias. This article will review some of those discoveries and summarize their significance for the practicing neurologist. A clinical classification of dystonia based on features that can be determined by the clinician is prop...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2007-971170
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synucleinopathies, with and without dementia, encompass a wide range of diseases including Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder, and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). DLB is a neurodegenerative disorder resulting in slowly progressive and unrelenting dementia un...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2006-956754
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinson's disease (PD) is a significant neurodegenerative disease of the elderly, affecting 1 to 2% of those over 60 years of age. The disorder is characterized by resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, postural instability, and pathologically by alpha-synuclein-positive Lewy bodies. For most, the etiology is unkno...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2006-951621
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiac arrest is a common disease in the United States, and many patients will die as a result of the neurological damage suffered during the anoxic period, or will live in a neurologically debilitated state. When cardiopulmonary-cerebral resuscitation results in the return of spontaneous circulation, intensive care ...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2006-948320
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Psychogenic (nonepileptic) seizures are among the most common and serious of all psychogenic neurological disorders. They account for approximately 20% of all intractable seizure disorders referred to comprehensive epilepsy centers and present with a reported annual incidence of approximately 4% that of true epilepsy....
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2006-945520
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Behavioral interventions such as biofeedback training, relaxation training, and cognitive-behavior stress management therapy have been identified as efficacious treatments for migraine headache. These treatments, and the formats (clinic-based, limited-contact, and home-based) in which they are taught, are described in...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2006-939920
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diet may influence stroke risk via several mechanisms, but the optimal dietary habits for stroke prevention are not well established. We reviewed English-language MEDLINE publications from January 1979 through November 2004 for experimental, observational, and clinical studies of dietary factors (minerals, fats, chole...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2006-933305
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a very common condition in patients with stroke and is found in over half of stroke patients. There is a complex relationship between OSA and stroke, attributable to shared risk factors. There are numerous mechanisms by which OSA may contribute to increased stroke risk, including promo...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2006-933315
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three-quarters of all strokes are managed outside of academic medical centers, making optimization of stroke care in the community setting a central part of minimizing the disability from stroke. In addition, the care of stroke patients crosses multiple different components of the health care system and requires a mul...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2005-923528
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), which constitutes 10 to 15% of all strokes and affects approximately 65,000 people each year in the United States, has the highest mortality rate of all stroke subtypes. Hypertension, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and anticoagulation underlie the majority of cases of ICH. Warfarin not on...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2005-923538
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurotoxic venoms are common among tropical marine creatures, which have specialized apparatuses for delivery of the venoms. These include jellyfish and anemones, venomous cone snails, venomous fish, stingrays, sea snakes, and venomous octopuses. Numerous toxic neuropeptides are found within these venoms, and some can...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2005-917664
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical evaluation of peripheral neuropathies can be challenging. This article presents an approach based on a structured assessment that asks a series of yes or no questions during the history and examination that leads to localization and characterization of the neuropathy. The final assessment includes further...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2005-871323
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insomnia is the most common sleep complaint. Insomnia is not a disease itself but mostly a clinical sign of an underlying disease. Degenerative and vascular diseases involving the central nervous system (CNS) may impair sleep either as a result of the brain lesion or because of illness-related discomfort (motor immobi...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2005-867074
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metastatic plexopathy is often a disabling accompaniment of advanced systemic cancer and may involve any of the peripheral nerve plexuses. Brachial plexopathy most commonly occurs in carcinoma of the breast and lung; lumbosacral plexopathy is most common with colorectal and gynecologic tumors, sarcomas, and lymphomas....
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2004-861533
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) or somnolence is common in our patients and in society in general. The most common cause of EDS is "voluntary" sleep restriction. Other common causes include sleep-fragmenting disorders such as the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Somewhat less familiar to the clinician are EDS cond...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2004-835069
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical hallmark of myasthenia gravis (MG) is fluctuating, painless weakness of muscles that most often affect extraocular, lower bulbar, or limb musculature. Predicting the probability of successful treatment for the patient assumes that the physician has made an accurate diagnosis. In this review, the practical...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2004-830903
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical history and neurological examination provide the most important data on which the diagnosis of autoimmune myasthenia gravis (MG) is based. MG produces symptomatic weakness that predominates in certain muscle groups and typically fluctuates in response to effort and rest. The diagnosis of MG therefore depe...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2004-829594
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human genome has become a roadmap for elucidation of the pathophysiology of disease. It is likely that mutations in more than 1000 of the approximately 30,000 human genes will lead to autonomic abnormalities, either directly or indirectly. This review highlights some of these, which exert major effects on catechol...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2004-817723
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinicians commonly encounter patients with cerebrovascular disorders in the hospital. Now, as never before, there are many effective diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. Several examples of typical cases of stroke and transient ischemic attack are presented in order to illustrate a rational approach to diagnosis an...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2003-814740
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunotherapy of multiple sclerosis (MS) will continue to benefit from an increasing understanding of this disease. This knowledge results in newly defined targets for novel therapies. In this article the development of future immunotherapies will be discussed by classifying the approaches into three main types: (1) a...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2003-41137
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients who suffer from neuromuscular diseases often have complications from respiratory insufficiencies. Some neuromuscular diseases, for example Landry Guillain-Barré syndrome, may only require temporary tracheal intubation; patients with other neuromuscular diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, may deci...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2003-40756
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The testing of reflexes involving the lower extremities is a pivotal part of the modern neurological examination. The normal response to noxious stimulation of the foot is plantar flexion of the toes, causing them to curl downward toward the undersurface of the foot. In 1896, Joseph Babinski described an extensor toe ...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2002-36761
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological conditions encountered worldwide. The development of newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) has expanded over recent years, and the use of such drugs for indications other than epilepsy has also broadened. These factors insure that the majority of health care providers will be...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2002-36645
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Osteoporosis is a debilitating disease that occurs in epidemic proportions in Western societies and has a large economic impact. Percutaneous vertebroplasty is successful in alleviating subacute and chronic pain caused by osteoporotic compression fractures and pathological vertebral fractures from tumor infiltration. ...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2002-36538
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the development of multiple options for immunotherapy in multiple sclerosis, the clinician is faced with the challenge of keeping pace with the literature, acquiring familiarity with the various treatment options and opinions, and then offering the patients the most current and appropriate management. Given the i...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2002-33045
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The growth of bioethics as a practical, meaningful player in the arena of health care has paralleled that of clinical neurology not only in time but also in interaction between the two disciplines. Almost every advance in neurology has spawned an ethical dilemma, the unraveling of which has brought new insights to bot...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2001-19406
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) disorders are a heterogeneous group of diseases with variable expression that often pose diagnostic dilemmas. Although definitive diagnosis of these disorders usually requires a muscle biopsy and mtDNA and enzymatic testing, standard metabolic studies including organic ...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2001-17947
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cell transplantation is an experimental therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) and other movement disorders. Several open-label research trials have shown clinically meaningful improvement in parkinsonian signs and symptoms after striatal transplantation of allogeneic fetal ventral mesencephalic (FVM) tissue. However, e...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2001-13125
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dopamine agonists provide an effective means of treating early, middle, and late stages of Parkinson's disease. This article outlines the advantages and disadvantages of dopamine agonists as compared with levodopa therapy. The features and costs of the four Food and Drug Administration-approved agonists (bromocriptine...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2001-13114
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in elderly individuals. Although the diagnosis of AD requires pathological confirmation, several common clinical features of AD have been identified. These include insidious onset, gradual progression, medial temporal atrophy, temporoparietal hypoperfusion, ...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2000-13177
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Before embarking on expensive ancillary testing, it is crucial for the neurologist to distinguish visual loss due to optic nerve dysfunction from other causes of visual loss. This can usually be accomplished based on specific features of the history and bedside examination. Once it has been established that a patient ...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2000-6836
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the growth of wheelchair athletics at both grassroots and national levels, there has been an increased incidence of sports-related and overuse syndromes in the wheelchair-user population. This article provides an overview of the available literature on the incidence, prevalence, evaluation, prevention, and rehabi...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2000-9829
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Listeria monocytogenes infection of the central nervous system is often not recognized and treated appropriately in the crucial early stages of the disease. Most consider patients with underlying disease or immunocompromised states to be at risk, although healthy individuals may present with a neurologic syndrome caus...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2000-9398
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological and individual case studies indicate that genetic factors play a significant role in the genesis of Alzheimer Disease (AD). To date, molecular genetic studies in families multiply affected with AD have identified three genes (Presenilin 1-PS1, Presenilin 2-PS2, and beta-amyloid precursor protein--betaA...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1040852
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sergei Sergeevich Prokofiev (1891-1953) was one of the great Russian composers. He died, at age 61, of a supposed intracerebral brain hemorrhage. During the 8 years before his death, he suffered from episodic headaches, nausea and dizziness. This article reviews the historical information about Prokofiev's illness lea...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Before the AIDS epidemic, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) was a rare disorder occurring most often in association with leukemia and lymphoma. Current estimates indicate that PML ultimately develops in up to 5% of all patients with AIDS. This demyelinating disease results from infection with JC virus, ...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1040837
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is the third most common X-linked muscular dystrophy. This disorder is characterized by childhood onset of early contractures, humeroperoneal muscle atrophy, and cardiac conduction abnormalities. Weakness is slowly progressive, but there is a broad spectrum of clinical severity...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1040827
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00